William stallings computer organization and architecture

Increasing cost: In going from lower to higher family members. Increasing memory size: In going from lower to higher family members. Increasing Number of I/O ports: In going from lower to higher family members. Increasing speed: The rate of instruction execution increases in going from lower to higher family members. Similar or identical operating system: The same basic operating system is available for all family members. Thus, a program that executes on one machine will also execute on any other. 2.5 Similar or identical instruction set: In many cases, the same set of machine instructions is supported on all members of the family. 2.4 Moore observed that the number of transistors that could be put on a single chip was doubling every year and correctly predicted that this pace would continue into the near future. 2.3 Gates, memory cells, and interconnections among gates and memory cells. 2.2 A main memory, which stores both data and instructions: an arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) capable of operating on binary data a control unit, which interprets the instructions in memory and causes them to be executed and input and output (I/O) equipment operated by the control unit. The computer gets its instructions by reading them from memory, and a program can be set or altered by setting the values of a portion of memory. 1.5 Control unit: Controls the operation of the CPU and hence the computer Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU): Performs the computerвЂ™s data processing functions Registers: Provides storage internal to the CPUД¬PU interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registersД¬HAPTERВ 2 COMPUTERВ EVOLUTIONВ AND PERFORMANCE ANSWERSВ TOВ QUESTIONS 2.1In a stored program computer, programs are represented in a form suitable for storing in memory alongside the data. A common example of system interconnection is by means of a system bus, consisting of a number of conducting wires to which all the other components attach. System interconnection: Some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O. I/O: Moves data between the computer and its external environment. 1.4 Central processing unit (CPU): Controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions often simply referred to as processor. 1.3 Data processing data storage data movement and control. Computer function refers to the operation of each individual component as part of the structure. 1.2 Computer structure refers to the way in which the components of a computer are interrelated. Organizational attributes include those hardware details transparent to the programmer, such as control signals interfaces between the computer and peripherals and the memory technology used. Examples of architectural attributes include the instruction set, the number of bits used to represent various data types (e.g., numbers, characters), I/O mechanisms, and techniques for addressing memory.

Computer organization refers to the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications.

Incorporating brand-new material and strengthened pedagogy, the 11th Edition keeps students up to date with recent innovations and improvements in the field of computer organization and architecture.CHAPTERВ 1 OVERVIEW ANSWERSВ TOВ QUESTIONS 1.1 Computer architecture refers to those attributes of a system visible to a programmer or, put another way, those attributes that have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program. Subjects such as I/O functions and structures, RISC, and parallel processors are thoroughly explored alongside real-world examples that enhance the text and build student interest.

Written in a clear, concise, and engaging style, author William Stallings provides a thorough discussion of the fundamentals of computer organization and architecture and relates these to contemporary design issues. Its purpose is to present, as clearly and completely as possible, the nature and characteristics of modern-day computer systems. РќР°Р·РІР°РЅРёРµ: Computer Organization and Architecture, 11th EditionД¬omputer Organization and Architecture, 11th Edition is about the structure and function of computers.

William stallings computer organization and architecture